Given a bipartite graph G with bipartite classes A, B \subseteq V(G) and an integer k, the Hall SET problem asks for a Hall set of size at most k, that is, a set S \subseteq A of size at most k such that |N(S)|<|S|. Show that HalL SET is W[1]-hard.
Hint: Reduce from Clique. Given a graph G, we construct a bipartite graph where class A corresponds to the edges of G and class B corresponds to the vertices of B; the vertex of A corresponding to edge u v of G is adjacent to the two vertices u, v \in B. Additionally, we introduce a set of {k \choose 2}-k-1 vertices into B and make them adjacent to every vertex of A.
Show that every Hall set of size at most {k \choose 2} has size exactly {k \choose 2} and corresponds to the edges of a k-clique in G.